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First thing I have to tell you is that some things are highly dependent on your particular field, so I will answer them directly as they pertain to me, and try to estimate, as necessary, how likely they are to be different in other fields, but don't take my word for it on that. As a general rule though, it's not too different between different sciences, but there is a lot of difference between liberal arts and science grad school, so bear that in mind when you read that blog that Atticus posted.
1: For Physics, generally everyone is going for a PhD, and you basically automatically get an MS after you do 2 years of coursework and pass your qualifying exams, so technically the coursework is almost exactly the same. This might be the biggest point of difference between Physics and other fields' PhD programs, because 99% of professional physics jobs you need a PhD for. This is not true of most other science fields, to my knowledge.
2: My thesis is on a very specific topic, and this is pretty typical, as you're basically writing a paper for a scientific journal. I expect mine to be around 40 pages, but it's very dense writing as you might expect.
3: I have an RA-ship which means that my stipend is specifically for research time. Therefore I try to put in 30-40 hours a week like a real job. I used to have a TA-ship instead which meant that I had to work as a teaching assistant, which is somewhat stressful and so I would work about half as much per week on research as I do now. This is another thing which probably differs a lot between fields. All my tuition and stuff is paid for and I get some money each month. This is probably true of most other science fields, but generally not in liberal arts fields.
4: My specific topic is a search for dark matter in gamma rays. I picked it because it is at the interface of several topics I found interesting (particle physics, cosmology, galaxy formation, gamma ray astronomy, etc.). It was also one of the first topics I looked at, so I'm not sure if everyone has as much freedom in their topics. Usually most professors have a lot of stuff they are working on so I'd guess that you could sort of shop around and find something interesting that suits you.
I also absolutely agree that determination and work ethic are the biggest determiners of success at the professional level.
PRAISE "BOB!"
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